The london theatres in the elizabethan london
The London Theatres in the Elizabethan London London: large population, place of political and economical Power main centre of English intellectual life centre for inland and overseas trade rich merchants interested to open up new markets for England theatre-going one of the favourite pastimes public-theatres: mixed audience primary for the crowd stood in the open around the stage wealthier people sat in the distance in Lord’s rooms or galleries private playhouses: in the walls of existing buildings benches next to stage smaller audience capacity higher admission prices 3 Elizabethan audiences genteel audience of the private theatres plebeian audience both mixed typical Shakespeare’s audience, plays were mostly written for this kind theatrical tariffs designed for working-class audience 1605 160.000 people living in Westminster 16% of London’s population went to theatre every week the Swan could hold 3000 people the Fortune and the Rose capacity of 2500 Rose daily visitors 1160-1250 people private theatres capacity of 1000 prices: public: a penny per person for standing place + 1 penny seats in a gallery + 1 penny comfortable seat in lords’rooms private: 6 pennys weekly wage of a workman 1601 84 pence capacity of the Globe 2000 people Origins of the Elizabethan Stage churches searched for more effective way to teach the holy bible 10th century short dramatic presentations of biblical scenes 12th till 15th short plays first in Latin later in English (Miracle Plays) later more complex plays put in different locations of the church (called mansions or houses) first placed in the church organization and acting done by clergy, later guilds (craftsmen) wooden boxes now outside of churches in a row or in a half-circle each box an other scene and its own group of actors most action took place in front of the mansions (playne) pageant-method - mansions put on wheeled – wagons rolled through the streets audience stayed where they were each pageant carried a two-storied wooden structure (4 vertical poles in each corner) whole structure could be hidden from or presented to the audience’s view upper storey à used for actions on the city walls or on a window lower storey à used for ground floor of a house or its rooms (normally kept open) 15th and 16th century Miracle Plays replaced by Morality Plays taught a moral abstract notions appeared on stage as persons (like Sin, Death, Knowledge) Interludes popular since 14th century consisted of short and witty dialogues (social, religious or political satire) presented in temporary stages not in public places other kind of stage also yards in large inns u-shaped, 2 long walls opposite each other with a short wall linking them 2 pageants placed against on the walls in a distance between them a small platform this platform à stage became bigger “pit” occupied by the audience kind of neutral ground, depended on the actors what they used this for 2 pageants less important later put on the opposite sides of the oblong Elizabethan stage parted in 2 rows of several wooden structures, open or closed representing city walls or storeys of houses but could changed into different functions mostly presented on public places à problem: how getting money from the audience? enclosed places the audience had to pay entrance other location: in bear gardens The baiting of Bulls and Bears à pop. Sport in England animals attack each other and fight till death arenas also used by actors audience stood around the oval arena or sat down on the expensive galleries in these theatres fruits, wine and ale were sold Beginnings of Elizabethan public theatre models for the public playhouses in London at end of 16th and beginning 17th century
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