Religion in britain
Religion in Britain Church of England (Anglican Church): History: Founded in 1534 by Henry VIII; “Act of Supremacy“ 27 million members 2 branches: - Anglo-Catholics (High Church) - Evangelicals (Low Church) 2 provinces: Canterbury and York Structure of administration: 2 heads , the secular (the sovereign) and the religious one (Archbishop of Canterbury); furthermore the General Synod as the central governing body Relationship of Church and State: Based on mutual obligation and control Church of Scotland (“Kirk“): History: Presbyterian church; founded in 1559 by John Knox in the Protestant Reformation and established as the national Church of Scotland in 1707 in the “Treaty of Union“ 1 million members Structure of administration: No episcopal, but democratic government by elders; each year election of the Moderator Northern Ireland Conflict Free Churches (Dissenters/Nonconformists): History: - Protestant churches; deriving from the Puritans which came up in the 16th century - 16th and 17th century: Persecution of Puritans; emigration to America (Mayflower) - 1648: Winners of the Civil War (1642-1648) under Oliver Cromwell - 1649-1660: Abolition of monarchy - 1661/1673: Anti-Puritan legislation - 1828: Equal rights for Puritans 7 million members Bible as sole authority Structure of administration: No church hierarchy, but democratic church organization with equal status of ministers and laymen, of men and women Achievement of Puritanism in Britain: Social legislation in the 19th century (e.g. end of child labour) Roman Catholics: History: - 664: England submitted to papal domination - 16th and 17th century: Persecution of Roman-Catholics - 1829-1850: Reintroduction of Roman-Catholics (Oxford Movement) 6 million members Structure of administration: British head: Archbishop of Westminster Non-Christian Religious Communities: Resulting from a great immigration from Asian and African countries since the 1950s 1,5 million Muslims 400,000 Jews About 150,000 Sikhs and Hindus each Current Religious Issues: Decline in membership Ordination of women Relationship between Church and State Vocabulary: attendance: Anwesenheit austere: einfach, wenig anspruchsvoll child labour: Kinderarbeit clergy: Klerus confession of faith: Glaubensbekenntnis creed: Glaube, Überzeugung diocese: Diözese dissent: abweichend, andersgläubig domination: (Vor-)Herrschaft elders: Ältere, hier: Vorsitzende episcopal: bischöflich layman: Kirchenangehöriger, der nicht zum Klerus gehört mutual: gegenseitig papal: päpstlich parish: Gemeinde secular: weltlich sovereign: Oberhaupt struggle: Kampf, Auseinandersetzung supremacy: Überlegenheit synod: Zusammenkunft, Versammlung worship: Gebet
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